Shorter articles and notes the interpretation of the passive voice

نویسندگان

  • P. N. Johnson-Laird
  • P. N. JOHNSON-LAIRD
چکیده

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. I t was hypothesized that sentences in the passive voice emphasize the importance of the things referred to by their grammatical subjects to a greater extent than sentences in the active voice. Each subject had to produce simple diagrams to represent two sentences , one active and one passive, and it was assumed that the size of areas in these diagrams could be taken as an index of importance. In Group EQ, the sentences specified an equivalent arrangement of colours, e.g. " Red follows Blue, " " Blue is followed by Red " ; in Group CO, they specified converse arrangements, e.g. " Red follows Blue, " " Red is followed by Blue. " The predictions, that (i) the subjects of all sentences would tend to be represented as larger than the objects, and that (ii) the subjects of passives would be represented as larger than those of actives, were confirmed. INTRODUCTION Some linguists claim that it does, e. have shown that the passive is harder to understand than the active; and so, since the passive has not fallen into disuse, it is sensible to question

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تاریخ انتشار 1968